The Chinese Concept Of Yin And The Dark Knight Essay

The Chinese concept of Yin and Yang shows how opposite dualities are interconnected and mutually dependant in the natural world. Take the coexistence of good and evil, for example, and you will find that within us all is the source of each.Having the potential to be both good and evil is part of our human nature. As humans we cannot be perfect, because inherent evil is something that will always be part of humanity. Throughout time, a variety of texts and film have been able to give us the greatest insight into who we are today. This universal topic has been observed and contemplated by religions such as Christianity, great philosophers such as Augustine, authors such as William Shakespeare in his play ‘Othello’ and directors such as Christopher Nolan in his film ‘The Dark Knight’. We are able to realize that humanity’s inherent evil is in fact something that lies within all of us. Of course, most individuals are not entirely evil. These different re ferences make us consider the potential for evil, that history has demonstrated, is prevalent in human nature. All religions explore how good and evil impact on our lives. Christians believe that humanity was born with the inherent urge to commit bad acts and go against the will of God. The doctrine that all humans are sinful is called ‘Original Sin’, which comes from the bible story of Adam and Eve. Originally, God had created the perfect ideal world. But as a result of Adam and Eve’s disobedience to God, they ‘fell’ fromShow MoreRelatedHISTORICAL CONTEXT OF NURSING5706 Words   |  23 Pagesmasks, and made various types of sacrifices. Many tribes used special herbs, roots and vegetables to remove the â€Å"illness or death curse.† EARLY CIVILIZATION Egypt/Egyptians: Major accomplishments in health care include: 1) The first to use the concept of suture in repairing wounds. 2) The first to use community planning to decrease public health problems. 3) Developed specific laws on cleanliness, food use and preservation, drinking, exercise, sexual relations, and a pharmacopoeia with moreRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior? 3 The Individual 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Diversity in Organizations 39 Attitudes and Job Satisfaction 69 Emotions and Moods 97 Personality and Values 131 Perception and Individual Decision Making 165 Motivation Concepts 201 Motivation: From Concepts to Applications 239 3 The Group 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Foundations of Group Behavior 271 Understanding Work Teams 307 Communication 335 Leadership 367 Power and Politics 411 Conflict and Negotiation 445 Foundations of OrganizationRead MoreMerger and Acquisition: Current Issues115629 Words   |  463 PagesCase of the Killer Acquisition Tyrone M. Carlin, Nigel Finch and Guy Ford 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 Introduction Overview of the focal company A string of acquisitions Exploring a killer deal Conclusion 234 234 236 239 241 244 16 Trends in Chinese MA: A Look at Lenovo’s Acquisition of IBM PC Margaret Wang 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 Index Introduction History of Lenovo Lenovo’s acquisition of IBM PC After the merger Conclusion 249 249 249 250 253 255 259 Acknowledgments We would likeRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagescreated, the cost of volume production is almost nothing, and a company can maintain its market dominance until it is challenged not by economies of scale but by being shoved aside by the next temporarily dominant product. This is changing the whole concept of manufacturing and factories in some industries. RECOGNIZING THE IMPORTANCE OF THE QUALITY OF PRODUCTIVITY Underlying many of these conditions is the Internet (now almost universally understood as multipurpose technology), which has the potentialRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesCross Reference of Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) Concepts to Text Topics Chapter 1 Modern Project Management Chapter 8 Scheduling resources and cost 1.2 Project defined 1.3 Project management defined 1.4 Projects and programs (.2) 2.1 The project life cycle (.2.3) App. G.1 The project manager App. G.7 Political and social environments F.1 Integration of project management processes [3.1] 6.5.2 Setting a schedule baseline [8.1.4] 6.5.3.1 Setting a resource schedule 6.5.2.4 Resource

Multiculturalism And The United Kingdom - 1297 Words

Multiculturalism Introduction Much like other problems of this time, the ideas of multiculturalism and immigration have become a major concern in European politics and have made people question the status quo of such conceptions as nationhood, community cohesion, and citizenship (de Guchteneire et al. 30). Migration has been the major cause of this phenomenon known as multiculturalism. The notion of culture includes values, habits, identity, language, citizenship, and religion. A monoculture exhibits similarity in all the above mentioned factors (de Guchteneire et al. 32). In a multicultural state there is culture diversification, in which people are at will to practice their various cultures. Multiculturalism has led to conflicts between the natives and the immigrants, as was the case in the United Kingdom, Germany, and South Africa. While immigration offers political refugees a place to settle, it may lead to serious conflicts which may slow the host economy to a great extent. The Case of Germany and UK Political and economic immigrants have often been viewed as a threat to the unity of the society. In the United Kingdom, the conflict that resulted between the Asians and the native British Citizens were attributed to multiculturalism by school of thought (Faas 5). Notably, this may not be necessarily true because Britain has always been diverse and multicultural; for example, the North Africans who came to patrol the Hadrian’s Wall and the onset of the Celtic civilization.Show MoreRelatedMulticulturalism Has Had a Rough Start648 Words   |  3 Pagesimmigrants are trans-national. What I mean by that is very simple: the immigrants care more for the countries they escaped and the people there, than for the country they now live in and the people they live among. Vladimir Putin said in 2012 that multiculturalism â€Å"rejects the notion of integration through assimilation.† At the same time he says that the result of the social model will end as so: â€Å"There can be just one outcome for such a social model: xenophobia on the part of the indigenous populationRead MoreThe Character of Britishness1263 Words   |  5 Pagesstatement that a unified British identity resides in a sense of shared values could therefore be somewhat problematic in terms of the values themselves, the current trend towards individualism, and the multicultural nature of residents in the United Kingdom. According to several authors, politicians are not wrong to surmise that there is a significant decline in a unified national British identity. Kerr (2012), for example, confirms this by noting that there has been a decline in the proportionRead MoreIs Multiculturalism Bad For Women?1490 Words   |  6 PagesIn this essay I argue that multiculturalism and establishing group rights for cultures is not as harmful to the interests women as Okin implies in her essay, â€Å"Is Multiculturalism Bad for Women?†. (587). First I will outline Okin’s examples which she uses to frame her view of the control of women by men in their cultures. I will also outline her arguments that group rights and multiculturalism should be viewed skeptically. I will then define multiculturalism. Then I will argue that Okin uses vagueRead MoreCitizenship, Religion and Society Policy of the United Kingdom 825 Words   |  3 PagesCitizenship, Religion and Society Policy of the United Kingdom Introduction Religion affects the way in which one of the majority of the world’s population structures people live. Many mainstream institutional religions have experienced declining membership, retains power to influence systems of ethnics and morality. Also, religion has a strong connection with integration and migration. Therefore, Europe differs considerably in their responses toward integration and migration-related diversityRead MoreMulticulturalism in Canada1819 Words   |  7 PagesMulticulturalism in Canada An Overview The term multiculturalism has been used by the Canadians in two different perspectives. The first use of this word is descriptive; meanwhile the other one is normative. The former sense implies the description of various religious and cultural groups that the Canadian population consists of. The nation of Canada is based on people from various races, religions and cultural backgrounds and there is a general acceptance of cultural pluralism in the countryRead MoreWhat Does It Mean For A University? Essay1311 Words   |  6 Pagescommitment to social responsibility to its stakeholders. Over a long period time, the thought of social responsibility has been seen to grow and foster in its importance and significance. Mainly this is why it has been adopted and practiced across the United Kingdom and beyond by universities and business. Social responsibility is a concept that is defined, as the means a firm or business acts ethical and socially aware of their impact to society. Overall, this essay will consist of the dimensions of socialRead MoreSocial Inequality And Stereotyping Cultures From Political Power1384 Words   |  6 Pageseducators with the right strategies and planning can foster valuable cultural experiences and cultivate socio-equality with their students and their school communities. Multicultural education is the term used most frequently in the United States, Australia, the United Kingdom and Canada, with the term intercultural education frequently used on the European continent. Intercultural Education implies an education that promotes interaction among different cultures and Multicultural Education Read MoreThe Monarch Era Of Britain1311 Words   |  6 Pagessupremacy of the reigning monarch and in its colony, including Canada. It found its way into our modern law system created in the confederation of Canada in 1867. The oath had stayed the same for 150 years. From a British colony to known for its multiculturalism and diversity with 20% of immigrants representing its total population. Yet, Canadian immigrants still had to bow and oath to the foreign Queen? Dror Bar-Natan is a math professor from Israel. He is also one of the long-time permanent residentsRead MoreCultural Difference And Decision Making931 Words   |  4 Pagesalternatives and committing to a future course of action. In this multiculturalism world main question in decision making is cultural difference in an any organization. And does cultural difference influences decision making. In an illustrative sense multicultural is essentially a term which depicts the social and ethnic assorted qualities of contemporary Australia. We are, and will remain, a multicultural society. As an open approach multiculturalism incorporates government measures intended to react to thatRead MoreThe Integration of Chinese Americans and Asian Britons in the United Kingdom1759 Words   |  7 Pagesresearch done on immigrant communities in the United States of American and The United Kingdom yet little on a combination of the two. This paper critically examines the integration of the Chinese Americans as well as their counterparts, the Asian Britons in the United Kingdom. The worlds immigration pattern has transformed societies and those thought of as visitors turned hosts. In many parts of the world especially in the United States and the United Kingdom, there are remarkable stories of people who

Government International Relations Developed World

Question: Discuss about the Government International Relations for Developed World? Answer: Introduction Numerous and varying benefits have been drawn from the onset of globalization. It has included Economic, Political, Technological and Social Cultural fronts. Indeed, it has been a gradual process that has occurred over the years, bringing all societies of the world, including the developed, developing and under-developed to a shared pool. Ideally, the aspect of globalization has enhanced its roots and may be here to stay. Additionally, its diverse merits may be realized across the globe by all through their day-to-day undertakings. Globalization Beck (2000) outlined globalization as the continued interdependence, connectivity, and incorporation into a universal realm concerning economic, political, and social as well as, technological insights. Globalization embeds the integration of nations and societies in enhancing practices such as trade, education, financial systems and governance with the aim of reducing organizational and cultural differences. Positive Effects of Globalization Peaceful Coexistence As a result of the trade relations adopted by nations, both developed and developing economies have been boosted; an aspect that has helped significantly in curing past and unpleasant encounters. The International trade has fostered an avenue where nations nurture capital and reinforce their stand in the international scene (Burande, 2014). Trade Liberalization The Free Trade policy allows for open trade transactions between developed and developing countries. It does happen when levies, subsidies, quotas taxes are either reduced or eliminated when dealing with imports and exports (Beck, 2000 and Burande, 2014). It has a comparative advantage to consumers who purchase products at relatively low prices. Universal Connectivity The world has significantly developed into a smaller space. According to Martin, Metzger and Pierre (2006), this is owing to the increased use of the internet. Societies have interlinked their mindsets through the interchange of ideas, thoughts and perceptions (Martin, Metzger Pierre, 2006) narrowing the previous connectedness gap that existed between the two levels of economies. Markets and Opportunities Significantly, growth has been realized through the expansion of opportunities for new and advanced markets. It is evidenced by the increased trend of markets advancing towards creating overseas, international and regional linkages with an aim of increasing their consumer bases (Beck, 2000). Resultantly, this has had the collaborative aspect of the creation of employment platforms leading to the absorption of both skilled and unskilled labor for both the developed and developing economies. Unity and Equity of Diversity The world being termed as a global village has become a realistic aspect. Notably, this had particularly occurred when globalization has helped in resolving barriers that had over a long time clustered the world into differing and rigid segments. Such interventions have been seen in the judicial, parliamentary and governance entailing international agreements, treaties, conventions, patents and copyrights (Lechner, 2009). Conclusion Globalization has not only significantly helped in improving the lives of the citizenry in the developed world but also; it has fostered international peace, development, trade and justice for the developing economies. It is thus, a frequent assertion that knowingly or unknowingly both the developed and developing societies are under the positive impact of globalization. References Beck, U. (2000). What is globalization? (1st Ed.). Cambridge, UK: Polity Press. Burande, A. (2014). Advantages of Globalization. Buzzle. Retrieved 8 May 2014, from https://www.buzzle.com/articles/advantages-of-globalization.html Lechner, F. (2009). Globalization (1st Ed.). Chichester, U.K.: Wiley-Blackwell. Martin, D., Metzger, J., Pierre, P. (2006). The Sociology of Globalization Theoretical and Methodological Reflections. International Sociology, 21(4), 499--521.

Masters of Social Work Program free essay sample

Several of my areas of strength are centered around my profession in child protection and childrens mental health. I feel my interpersonal communication skills are one of my best personal traits. Effective communication consists of being able to speak clearly and professionally, while being knowledgeable at the same time. Communication has become one of the key parts to my success in both my work life and in my personal life; as communication is key to my marriage and any relationship I build within a team and workplace. I accredit my ability to effectively communication verbally and in written form to being an attentive listener that is open to suggestions and feedback. I believe my written communication is a strong point for me because I am very detail oriented, at the same time I am aware of my need to be more precise and less detailed in some aspects. A challenge for me is my more reserved demeanor. We will write a custom essay sample on Masters of Social Work Program or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Although I provide input to others when asked, I often hesitate to express my opinion first. With awareness of this I push myself to be more assertive, take initiative and not question myself internally. On a daily basis in the field of child protection I am challenged with a multitude of situations that I must prioritize in order to move forward; this requires me to stay focused and put the childs safety first in order to determine what is in the best interest of the child. Through these experiences I have developed my ability to multitask in a timely manner, enabling me to be productive in a demanding atmosphere. A personal strength of mine is my ability to be a well-organized individual. I tend to write down and prioritize tasks I need to complete and this helps me accomplish my work and meet important deadlines. To achieve success, one needs to be self motivated and determined to succeed. I believe my dedication, strong work ethic, and learning agility are strengths that will benefit me in successfully completing graduate school and will also help me thrive as an advanced generalist social worker. When asked to reflect upon my qualities and characteristics that are consistent with the core values of the social work profession I thought of words that encompass me as a person and what I stand for. Reflecting back on my childhood, I always had a vivid imagination. I would imagine being a doctor or veterinarian and over the years I realized I was gifted in helping others. As a compassionate, caring, and honest person I have always been the one my peers have sought out for guidance. I am an empathetic listener, who shows sympathy to others in a respectful manner, being mindful of others differences and refraining from casting judgment. I feel I have acquired my values through my family and life experiences. Values underlie our work, how we interact with each other, and which strategies we employ to fulfill our goals. I feel my personal values were influenced by my parents in my childhood by their giving examples of helping others and the community and these values are consistent with the core values of the social work profession. Each of us have our own set of values and these are what determine which aspects of life we regard as important or beneficial. Our values help determine our way of life, our entertainment, our social, political, and religious interactions. Everyone holds many values and these values are liable to change as we mature and have different experiences or influences in life. The National Association of Social Workers (NASW) outlines six core values in their code of ethics that guide the professional practice: service, social justice, dignity and worth of the person, importance of human relationships, integrity, and competence. I believe that all of the listed values are important in the social work profession as well as in life. This altruistic characteristic of the profession is what makes social work a powerful, life-changing, world-changing profession. As a profession the area of social work correlates with my own interest in helping minimize the disparity of the underprivileged and disadvantaged so that they too may become competent world citizens. In my position as a child protection social worker I work in a rural community assisting troubled, victimized people. It is a value of mine to help keep the dignity, meaningfulness, self-respect, and personal fulfillment that every person is entitled to. Because there are so many oppressed, at-risk and disempowered populations in distress the value of them as people is of utmost importance. As a social worker it is necessary to not be prejudicial or discriminatory when trying to problem solve in human relationships, but rather empower and liberate people to enhance their well-being and assist them in taking more control of their lives. To succeed as an advanced generalist social work professional it is essential that I am culturally competent because America is undeniably a multicultural country that consists of many cultures, races and religions. I take pride in my ability to be culturally competent as I have the capacity to work effectively with people from a variety of ethic, cultural, political, economic and religious backgrounds. I am aware and respectful of the values, beliefs, transitions, customs and parenting styles of those I serve that may be different from my own. In order to continue to be culturally competent and effective as a practitioner, it is my commitment to continue to be proactive and educate myself regarding others cultures and belief systems so I am aware of what to expect when helping people from different cultural backgrounds. This knowledge will not only assist me toward a better understanding of others worldviews and experiences, but it will also help me gain insight into peoples lives and increase my ability to assist and facilitate change within a rural community context. By being able to demonstrate a good understanding of another persons world has and will continue to aid me in the development of good rapport and effective interactions with families in a rural community context. Through my job in a human/social services setting within a rural community I have gained experience working with diverse populations. When I am faced with an issue I approach it in a positive manner so I can assist others in dealing with situations that are difficult and have a negative impact on their families. I make suggestions to others for services that will address the issue that brought them into the child protection system; while being mindful of their culture. In order to provide culturally appropriate care it is essential that I understand culturally influenced behaviors. Cultural differences can influence many aspects of a persons life and how they view such things as their mental well-being. For example, this may vastly differ from one culture to another, with some viewing mental illness as a blessing rather than a curse. The culture of a person influences many aspects of mental illness. Cultural meanings of illness have real consequences in terms of whether people are motivated to seek treatment, how they cope with their symptoms, how supportive their families and communities are, where they seek help; mental health specialist and/or traditional healer, the pathways they take to get services, and how they fare in treatment. Within a rural community context, many features of family life have a bearing on ones mental health. For example, a supportive family and good sibling relationships can protect against the onset of mental illness, while a family environment marked by severe marital discord or social disadvantage can contribute to its onset. The consequence can be grave when people with severe mental illness do not receive appropriate treatment. In order for me to be culturally responsive in a rural area it is essential that I acknowledge and respect cultural differences and learn how to work through conflicts and misunderstandings based on these differences. I understand minorities may mistrust me because I am a member of the dominant culture. By recognizing the lack of hardships I have experienced as an assimilated citizen of this country, I must consider the undeniable fact that some or many of my clients will not have had a similar experience to my own. With this knowledge, I am sensitive to these differences and aware of barriers and prejudices that people from different backgrounds experience. Because I have been socialized primarily surrounded by Caucasian people, I have and am willing to open my eyes and mind to other ethnicities that I have no true knowledge of. In order to be a culturally competent social worker within a rural community context, I force myself out of my comfort zone so I can truly empathize with others who may not share my automatic advantages. I believe cultural competence is not merely something that can be taught in the classroom, it is gained from working with diverse groups of people and recognizing that they are the expert in his/her own life. Social work is a dynamic profession, which requires me to stay current in the field, applying the latest research and understanding new regulations and its implications to better serve individuals, families and communities. By attending continuing education trainings I have expanded my knowledge of child protection and childrens mental health each year. This has also strengthened my advocacy skills so I can play a strong role as advocate. As a child protection investigator and case manager I play many roles, such as educator, enabler, empowerer, advocate, and activist. By attending CornerHouse Forensic Interviewer training, I enhanced by professional skills and my ability to complete investigations of child sexual abuses. As a child protection investigator, I developed my leadership skills through performing more investigative duties and in turn this increases my confidence in my capabilities. By doing this it allowed me to expand my interviewing skills and assess the needs of others from the beginning of a case. This required that I be alert to the social environment and that I also be decisive, ambitious and achievement-orientated. Through my experiences in human services I have recognized that in order to empower families who are vulnerable, oppressed, and living in poverty it is essential that I listen to and reflect back what I hear with compassion and understanding. The social work profession requires strong interpersonal and communication skills, as well as patience because the people I serve rely on me to listen to their problems and provide them with helpful insight and feedback. I present myself in a manner that is positive and helpful. I have a serious attitude and approach my job in that manner. Due to my profession I know how I act and what I say to families can have a positive or negative impact on their lives. In effort to improve the safety and well-being of children and families I serve, professionally at my office I am a active member a part of Child Protection Team and the Childrens Justice Initiative group. To further develop my own leadership skills and pass on my knowledge to new students entering the field of social worker I took the lead in supervising a student intern at my office. I provided the student intern guidance and allowed the intern to observe the investigative/assessment processes, court proceedings, as well as accompany me into the field to interact with families in the home environments. Professionally it is my goal to broaden my job opportunities and expose myself to new situations and gain new experiences by earning my masters degree in social work. The MSW Program will assist me in achieving my professional goals as it will give me a broad knowledge base from mental health to policy and research. I want to grow professionally and be employed as a school-based social worker in a rural setting or a medical social worker in a hospital setting. By having my Masters Degree in Social Work and knowledge base that is not always available in a rural setting and it would be beneficial to the people I may come in contact with. It is my personal aspiration, to improve the social and psychological well-being of children and families and assist others in coping with social and academic challenges. In a school setting as an advanced generalist I would be able to help identify childrens mental health needs, provide intervention and advocacy, individual and group counseling for children and families on a short-term basis, and submit referrals to outside agencies for further assistance if a pupil needs to receive long-term counseling outside of the school. It is a professional goal of mine to serve as a resource for children and families experiencing traumatic events- such as homelessness. As a school social worker I would make referrals to homeless shelters for families to receive necessary services. If a family was unable to make a connection I would serve as a liaison among the school, family and agency to ensure the familys needs were met. As a school social worker it would be a goal of mine to identify policies that may need to be changed, assist with drafting school improvement plans and other programmatic changes, as well as fight for the rights of students who may be disadvantaged. In a medical setting as an advanced generalist I may have a wide variety of experiences. I would work on discharge planning to determine what is in a patients best interest upon release from the hospital; making arrangements or patients admission into a nursing home or hospice. With my Masters Degree in Social Work I would be able to assist patients with their mental health and chemical dependency issues through the emergency room as well. I understand school and medical social workers have a wide range of responsibilities and to be successful I would utilize my time-management and organizationa l skills to effectively perform all of my duties. With my current job in the field of child protection and childrens mental health I feel I am adequately prepared to manage crisis situations that arise. Additionally, wherever I obtain employment. I will become familiar with the social service agencies in the community to ensure that children and their families are connected to the appropriate services if there are concerns of child neglect or abuse. With my field experience I feel I would be able to interact with a wide variety of personalities every day in a school or medical setting. Much like child protective services; a day in the life of a school or medical social worker is unpredictable.

Are Intake Processes in Juvenile Justice Systems Really Fair essays

Are Intake Processes in Juvenile Justice Systems Really Fair essays The many valid - and even disturbing - questions surrounding fairness issues in the processing (arrest, intake screening, assignment to incarceration) of juveniles into the criminal justice system in America are not new questions; indeed, they have been raised for a number of years. First, the disproportionate number of minorities locked up in juvenile justice systems is a glaring issue which has not really been addressed adequately since the U. S. Department of Justice, under Attorney General Janet Reno, issued a highly critical report in the year 2000; and secondly, in conducting research, one finds an abundance of statistics on the number of juveniles in trouble but little information about the screening process per se. These are issues which need to be addressed, in particular, if one believes the U.S. Department of Justice's Office of Juvenile Justice Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) statistics that show that the number of "child delinquents" (ages 7 to 12) in juvenile courts has increased 33% in the past ten years (OJJPD, 2003), and arrests for "violent crime" among that same group has risen by 45%. Given this shocking dimension to the problem of youthful offenses, the emphasis, sadly, is likely going to be on prevention and punishment measures rather than fairness and justice with regard to intake Race: Chances of incarceration are far greater if you're a Black kid Between the years 1985 and 1994, delinquency cases brought through the Juvenile Justice System (JJS) increased by 41%; but more disturbing is the fact that in that time period, delinquency cases involving blacks jumped 78% and cases involving other non-white youths skyrocketed by 94% (Lardiero, 1997). Another key fact illustrating the institutiona...

Parsons Chairs and Parsons

Parsons Chairs and Parsons Parsons Chairs and Parsons Parsons Chairs and Parsons By Maeve Maddox The first time I heard the term parsons chair I immediately imagined that the name derived from some quaint country custom of seating the visiting preacher on the best chair in the parlor. Not so. The Parsons chair takes its name from its place of invention: the Parsons School of Design founded in Paris in 1921 by Frank Alvah Parsons. According to an article on a site called Modern Dining Chairs, The parsons chair is virtually always crafted of hardwood, and features a slightly curving, squared backrest and legs. They are usually featured with slipcover upholstery that entirely covers the legs and gives the chair a solid, monumental appearance. This slipcover is optional or absent on many recent models. Furniture retailers don’t seem to agree as to the spelling. You can find Parsons chair, parsons chair, Parson chair and parson chair. Until a chair design expert corrects me, I’ll go with Parsons chair in recognition of the fact that the name comes from a proper noun. However, since Parsons is not a commercially-registered word, Im sure that parsons chair cannot be considered incorrect. The word parson meaning â€Å"clergyman† derives ultimately from the same Latin word that gives us person in the sense of â€Å"human being.† The word entered English from Anglo-Fr., O.Fr. persone curate, parson. Person may have come to mean the person in charge of the local church by shortening the Latin phrase persona ecclesiae person of the church. I suppose that a pronunciation variant turned person into parson. The word parsonage, â€Å"house for the parson,† is documented from the 15th century. The word parson occurs in several English expressions. One that I find amusing is the parson’s nose, a reference to the fatty tail end of a cooked chicken or turkey. My granny used to gross us out by eating that bit. She may have called it the pope’s nose. Here are some other words used to refer to personnae ecclesiae. chaplain clergyman cleric curate pastor preacher priest minister rector vicar Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Is She a "Lady" or a "Woman"?Time Words: Era, Epoch, and EonThrew and Through

The intellectual history of Islamic Spain-time frame 711 to 1248 Research Paper

The intellectual history of Islamic Spain-time frame 711 to 1248 - Research Paper Example Skilled artisans commanded respect and had ample creative opportunities. When one evaluates the merits of the city during that period, with a population of half a million, no more elaboration is needed about the administration. The city included many suburbs, a good number of mosques, public utilities, suqs (markets), many palaces and apparel manufacturing units. In the early 11th century, with mounting economic and military pressures, the disintegration of the caliphate commenced. Bishko writes, â€Å"On the political side, indeed, we are given a pious but unrealistic hypothesis that the breakdown of the Caliphate and the failure of its successor states can be ascribed to the fact that a great imperial power violates per se the spiritual premises of Islam. We are further told that schism between the power-hungry, materialistic upper class and the profundity of religious masses made political unity and defeat of the Christian advance impossible.†(Bishko, 1966, p.142) Many smal l kingdoms are known as taifas sprouted. But from the angle of lifestyles, they followed the original pattern of Cordoba. With the end of the caliphate and petty kingdoms(taifas) coming into prominence in the 11th century, the importance switched over to Granada(Gharnatah) A tribe known as Zirids shifted from Cordoba and established an independent kingdom in Granada. â€Å"At the beginning of the eleventh century (fifth century, Anno Hegirae), the old Muslim power of caliph and Amir in Central and Southern Spain seemed to stand unassailable.

Definition of the Term Poor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Definition of the Term Poor - Essay Example The conversation inevitably turned to the suitability of this individual to handle the task at hand. Keenly aware of the fact that someone was being judged in this matter, I listened closely for any determination; fully aware that whatever was decided would impact me specifically. What I heard was my mother and father agree that the woman was not suitable due to the fact that she was incredibly poor. At the time this made a large impact on me; as I realized that people’s abilities and talents could be classified with respect to whether they were poor or not. Within our entire culture, the term â€Å"poor† has taken on a highly pejorative meaning. Individuals are summarily grouped between those that can be classified as â€Å"poor† and those that cannot. As with many pejorative words, the actual meaning behind the word â€Å"poor† differs significantly from what is connoted when this word is so carelessly and continually thrown around by the likes of politi cians, news pundits, and stakeholders at every level within society. In seeking to understand this term to a more full and complete degree, the following analysis will consider the direct denoted meaning of the word as well as the connotations that it espouses within the current culture. Firstly, it must be understood that â€Å"poor† in its most basic denoted meaning merely involves the state of being without; and/or having a very small amount of something. Generally, this denoted meaning involves money or financial instruments of some variety. However, within the connoted meaning of the word, the societal participant is lead to understand that this involves a lack of education, propensity to crime, oftentimes even a certain socio-demographic. From the connoted and denoted meanings that have thus far been defined, it can be fairly securely understood what specifically defines â€Å"poor† within the current culture and society. Yet, it must also be understood that the term itself is incapable of defining many of the connoted meanings that have been referenced. As was described, the traditional definition has to do with material want; not personality traits and/or a proclivity away from education. These connoted meanings only act as a disservice to the way in which people understand what poverty and poor actual means. As a direct result of this misunderstanding, the definition of poor has come to take on a life all its own. One thing that should be manifestly clear, a topic that is not often discussed, is the fact that even though poor has a level of impact with regards to material possession, it cannot begin to define the level of skills, talents, ideas, creativity, passion, work ethic, motivation, or intelligence that a person has. Merely because poor can help to define the net worth of an individual in monetary terms should not be misconstrued to mean that it is somehow equally useful for delineating the overall net worth of a person physically , psychologically, emotionally or spiritually (Hom 391). By their very nature, humans seek to define and categorize information into easily understandable facts.  Ã‚  

Men’s Pride Essay Example for Free

Men’s Pride Essay In a story or a work of fiction, the characters are remembered by beliefs and personalities only they possess. These personality and belief make them stand out from all the other characters in the story. They do not have to be the lead protagonist or the main antagonist; rather, their belief or trait makes them the best in the eyes of some readers. In the case of two greatest works of fiction, â€Å"Epic of Gilgamesh† and â€Å"Othello†, it is the pride of the character and their belief in themselves that makes them stand out from the others. It is the pride and later the ability to set it aside and apologize for their deed. In the â€Å"Epic of Gilgamesh†, Gilgamesh, the great king stood out because he was the proudest of the proud. His belief in himself caused most of the misfortune that took place in the story. Only in the end did he realize his mistakes. The same may be said on Othello in the play that Shakespeare wrote. He was also proud, and this pride has caused as much misfortune in the story as did the trait of Gilgamesh. This also made him stand out from among the other characters. The Mighty Gilgamesh The Epic of Gilgamesh is an epic that originated in Iraq. It is a Sumerian legend about a great King, who is like a God. He has a strength that cannot be equaled. He is also as powerful as their gods wherein neither man nor animal can defeat him. As such, the gods decided to create another being that can equal him. When Gilgamesh met this being, whom the gods named, Enkidu, Gilgamesh immediately liked him. They easily became friends despite the initial plan of the gods to have Enkidu kill Gilgamesh. Their bond was instantaneous. They started doing a lot of adventures together, even those that are forbidden and may offend gods (Hooker). Unfortunately, in one of their adventures a god was offended and as punishment for this, Enkidu died. After Enkidu’s death Gilgamesh was almost out of his mind and did more dim-witted decisions that caused misfortunes. However, despite what he saw, he did not apologize but rather remained proud. Only after all his adventures did he come to his knees and realized his mistakes (Hooker). From this short synopsis of the epic, it may be seen that at the very beginning, Gilgamesh already showed his pride and belief in his self. He was aware of his great power and the gift of strength that destiny has gifted upon him. The king of Uruk knew that none of his subjects can defeat him or defy him. As such, he lived by this knowledge and used it to his advantage (â€Å"Epic of Gilgamesh†). He was a proud and tyrannical king and he stood out because of this. Even though his arrogant actions caused the death of his best friend Enkidu, this did not erase the fact that he was a memorable character because of it. He was much known than Enkidu not only because he carried the namesake of the epic’s title, but also because he went against the society. He did not become what other kinds are. He was cruel to his subjects. He was almost an antagonist rather than the lead protagonist due to his pride. He made the story move by not conforming to the people’s expectations (â€Å"Epic of Gilgamesh†). However, despite the seemingly terrible character of Gilgamesh he should also be commended for being proud of himself. It should be noted that to stand up and remain proud despite other people’s constant prodding to become nicer is a hard task especially for a king. Even the gods were urging him to become kinder to his subjects but he never gave in. Also, it should be noted that his pride is his strength. Because of it, he was able to overcome other difficult tasks that saved his kingdom. Had he not been that arrogant, he would not have risked his life for the tasks that he was assigned to and he would not have been able to save his people. Furthermore, he would have committed suicide as a sign of apology for his actions. Thus, with this, the non-conformity and the trait of Gilgamesh made him a character that is very memorable. The Proud Othello Shakespeare’s â€Å"Othello† is about the moor Othello, whose life suddenly made a turn because of the envy of one of the other characters. The great Othello was promoted in his job and his first action was to appoint an assistant. Iago, who was expecting to get the job, was not chosen. Instead Cassio became Othello’s lieutenant. In his fury, Iago sought revenge against Othello and Cassio (Shakespeare). In order to have his revenge realized, Iago weaved lies in the lives of both Cassio and Othello, and even in the lives of other characters involved with the two. This twisted the story to the point that this not only caused Othello and Cassio’s death, but as well as other people whose lives were connected to them. Most of the people, including Othello, believed the lies that Iago told them. By the end of the story, Othello could no longer contain his guilt and killed himself and claimed responsibility (Shakespeare). From this short synopsis it may be derived that Othello’s life had been simple in the beginning. It was only made complex by the lies that Iago weaved in order to realize his revenge. Despite the fact that Iago’s characteristics may actually make him stand out, Othello still is the most memorable character. As in the case of the Epic of Gilgamesh, Othello stood out because of his pride and belief in himself. Being a moor, many would have contradicted his promotion. The society may dislike the fact that a man foreign of nature should not lead the army of Italy. However, because of Othello’s pride and confiedence, he proved himself worthy of the title (Black). To further prove that he was not like anyone else, an instance in the story told that most men try to use potions in order to attract the beautiful Desdemona. Desdemona’s father even believed that Othello did the same when he learned that Othello was sleeping with his daughter. But then, because of Othello’s pride and self-belief, he went against the society’s expectations. He was able to lure Desdemona without potions or magic (Shakespeare). Despite the seeming good results of Othello’s arrogance though, it should not be neglected that the same arrogance killed Desdemona at the end of the story. The inability to accept the truth caused him to kill her. This may be considered saddening as it was not entirely his fault. However, he was still the one who smothered her with the pillow (Shakespeare). Othello’s pride and belief in himself made him stand out from the crowd. He did not conform to the expectations that as a foreigner he cannot be a good soldier to their country. He also proved that he can get the woman he admires with sheer manliness and not through potions or magic. Even the fact that he got himself into trouble because of his pride made his character that is not like any other. He defied society’s expectations especially when he took his life at the end of the play. This was an act of remorse for rebelling against the expectations that he did not want to apologize for. He did not conform because it would have meant hurting his enormous ego. Conclusion From the given information, it may be concluded that the two characters in the two given pieces of literature, â€Å"Epic of Gilgamesh† and â€Å"Othello†, are characters that stood out from the crowd because of their pride and self-belief. Because of being proud, they could not afford to follow what other believed them to follow. They had to show their ability to decide for their own even though it may mean misfortune. They stood out because they went past the people’s expectations and proved themselves better than any other man. They had to act according to their will because of their pride which took great strength. More importantly, in the end of their tales, they showed remorse by killing themselves rather than apologizing which the society expects from them. Works Cited Black, Edward. 2009. â€Å"Oedipus and Othello: Pride and the Tragic Hero†. Lone Star College. 30 April 2009 http://northharris. lonestar. edu/30938/ . â€Å"Epic of Gilgamesh. † 2009. Mythmanhelp. 30 April 2009 http://mythmanhelp. tripod. com/id9. html . Hooker, Richard. 1999. â€Å"Gilgamesh†. World Civilizations. 30 April 2009 http://www. wsu. edu/~dee/MESO/GILG. HTM . Shakespeare, William. 2003. â€Å"Othello†. shakespeare-literature. com. 30 April 2009 http://www. shakespeare-literature. com/Othello/0. html .

The Constitutional Principle of Separation of Church and State Essay

The Constitutional Principle of Separation of Church and State It has been suggested that there is currently a culture war taking place in the United States. Depending on who you listen to, you will get vastly different descriptions of the two sides. Some will insist that the fight is between the upholders of strong Christian, moral values and godless, secular-minded, moral relativists. Others will tell you that defenders of religious freedom and rational thought are battling religious fundamentalists who wish to impose their radically conservative views on the whole of the American populace. Regardless of which way you view the debate, the entire so-called â€Å"culture war† boils down to a basic disagreement over the place of religion in public life. In light of President Bush’s recent nominations of John Roberts and Samuel Alito to the Supreme Court, I believe it is prudent to have a thorough discussion of the Constitutional principle of separation of church and state, because how the Supreme Court rules on issues related to this principle in the future will have a profound impact on how we define ourselves as a country. In order to conduct a thorough inquiry into this debate, I believe it is necessary to start at the beginning and attempt to discern how our founding fathers viewed religion’s place in public life, and how they relayed this view in the First Amendment. After I have done this, I will try to apply some of the principles I have gathered to current hot-button social issues which are likely to come before the Supreme Court in the not too distant future. Proponents of a highly limited separation of church and state often argue that America’s founding fathers would be appalled at the extent to which the Judeo... ...ically examine the people we choose to let sit on our nation’s highest court. No person should be afforded a free ride to a lifetime appointment on the Supreme Court without some assurances that they will protect and uphold basic Constitutional principles such as the separation of church and state. Failing to do so might well lead to a nation in which we are all less free, just the kind of nation that our founding fathers went to such extraordinary and terrific lengths to avoid. Works Cited Feldman, Noah. "God, government and you." USA Today 10/17/2005. Allen, Brooke. "Our Godless Constitution." Nation 280.7 (2005): 14-20. Isaacson, Walter. "God of Our Fathers." Time July 2004: 62-63. Jacoby, Susan. "In Praise of Secularism." Nation 278.15 (2004): 14-18. Boston, Rob. "James Madison and Church-State Separation." Church & State 54.3 (2001): 10-14.

Dreaming Time Essay

When’s the last time you dreamed? In fact, the last time sleep occurred is the correct answer. Most people believe that they don’t dream, only because these individuals can’t recall dreaming as an event. In J. Allan Hobson’s book, Dreaming, it explores how dreaming is influenced and how it affects the individual, how dreaming is associated with REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep and the importance of it, and also why sleep is so essential for human beings and other mammals to experience. Sleep is correlated with dreaming, making dreaming a phenomenon essential to living. Dreaming is an interesting subject, and may also seem interesting while happening; though many don’t remember the events within them. What is dreaming, someone might ask? Dreaming is basically the brain’s activation throughout the sleep cycle. This was not discovered from looking at the content of the dream, like many of us look forward to, such as the images and scenarios our mind creates; but rather a more formalistic approach on the study of dreams. By using more scientific methods to analyze and define the dreaming state, research has improved drastically over several years, however, it failed to become an actual science. â€Å"My consciousness is as clear as a bell. In fact, I see–and feel–everything in this dream with a surreal intensity†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Hobson 25.) In this quote given by the author, he was describing how he had felt during the dream he shared within the text. People who are interested in the content of dreams should read this book, as Hobson gives away a few logs in his own dreaming journal. Hobson mentioned how he had felt as if imagining the dream were actually happening because it seemed so vividly clear. In fact, so clear it seemed like reality. His dream was about a red car smashing into a wall, and then finding himself with his son’s bloodied knees and all in a locker room. He associated this vision with his son previously being in a car accident, where indeed the car was red, and his son did infact have a damaged leg. Events that happened prior to the dream may affect the content within the sleeping hallucination. Night terrors or nightmares may also have this same effect on the dreamer. These kind of dreaming states can be associated with traumatic events in ones life. This may cause an effect on the individual to get caught up in this unpleasant scenario and result in awakening. Dreams may also be affected through external interference. In a sleep lab, using certain smells, scientists jump started the patients to experience a specific smell in the dreaming state. There are many factors that can affect the dreaming state an individual experiences. The factors that affect the dreaming state of an individual are also internally significant. â€Å"Not that dreaming occurs exclusively in REM sleep. It doesn’t. REM sleep just happens to provide the most ideal condition for its occurrence.† (Hobson 38.) Through this quote provided by Hobson, he is saying that through Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep, dreaming is most ideal and this is a common time for dreaming to occur. If someone wants to learn about this certain subject of dreaming, they should consider read the content of this book. Dreaming is important such as REM sleep is to daily function, because both are essentially linked to each other. REM sleep takes place at about 90 minute intervals throughout a sleep cycle, taking up to two hours per night. This kind of deep sleep is essential as it is necessary for development. It is known that at infancy an individual needs much more REM sleep rather than in adults. This makes sense because at this young of age is when the most development occurs. With this statement, it does not mean that as aging occurs that REM sleep isn’t necessary because throughout life development is an ongoing process. As early as at 30 weeks gestation does the fetus develop the ability of REM sleep. Although dreaming is associated mainly with this specific type of sleep, does not say whether fetuses, infants, or even animals dream as it can only be confirmed vocally by the individual. It is only assumed through body movements and facial expressions, such as when a baby frowns or a dog may run in their sleep for example, that dreaming is an occurring event. A study also found that in children, REM sleep happened right away in the sleep cycle of a child, but the same not true for adults. Although dreaming is commonly taken for the misconception that one does not dream entirely altogether, it is at the fault of no recall whatsoever. In sleep lab studies, when one is woken at the time that REM sleep happens to be occurring, it is more likely for the participant to remember their dream; linking mainly REM sleep to the state of dreaming, rather than NREM sleep or right before awakening. Now that it is safe to say that dreaming is associated with REM sleep, can we confront the question of why it’s so important to be in that deep state of sleeping. As mentioned before, REM sleep is essential to development in an individual. â€Å"To read, to write, to listen, and to tell, I need a good night’s sleep. And, recognizing that fact, I try my best to get it.† (Hobson 79.) Even represented in this quote from Hobson does he express the importance of sleep. A lot of people don’t realize the beneficial aspects of a good nights rest, and people should read this book as to gain insight about it. REM sleep helps regulates thermoregulation, which is a necessity for the the body in order to survive. REM sleep also stores important memories and content, throws away old stuff, makes room for the new stuff, and keeps us from going crazy in reality by doing so in our dreams. In many studies, analysis shows the link between lack of REM sleep and daily performa nce. In a rat study, they deprived rats of their REM sleep, results showing that their thermoregulation was off balance and they hurdled to the warmest corner of their living areas. They also eventually died off from infection due to the lack of their ability to properly function. In other tests, they deprived humans of their REM sleep as well and there are reports of individuals going insane after 72 hours straight because they were denied the ability to go crazy, as you could say, in a dreaming state. After so long without this sleep may an individual start to hallucinate. In other studies, people were put to test by recording their performance on a game. When they had first played it they had all improved on it, but after going to sleep, which only half of them got REM sleep, the half that didn’t get it tended not to improve or decrease in skill, while the half that got a good nights rest improved in skill. These studies all show that REM sleep is obviously credited on daily performance and overall health necessary for survival. So the question is, how much sleep is considered adequate enough? That has many factors on it’s own, from climate, social customs, and even by an individuals personal experience. No amount of sleep is considered not to be normal as it varies from person to person. There are short sleepers (4-6 hours) and both long sleepers (8-10 hours). Time for sleep fluctuates, such as weight does, and some can go on very little sleep and function very well, while others go on lots of sleep while still not yet at their performance peak. The body and mind are both miraculous systems, and can compensate very well for themselves, but without adequate time spent sleeping, an individual may not function as well as they would normally refreshed. So many people take sleep for granted, as do so many others go throughout life not recalling their dreams, and even some living in a nightmare all their own, waking in terror. The science of sleep has come a long way since it was first discovered, and it is sure to develop substantially more over the course of time. Knowing what dreaming is, how it is affected and how it affects a single person, how dreaming relates to REM sleeping, and knowing the importance of dreaming to an individual mammal, are we then allowed to incorporate that knowledge into one’s own life. A way to apply this information to my own life may be figuring how much sleep is adequate for myself each night in order to function to the best of my ability, and to remember subject and test material at a more favorable level. This application appears satisfactory to myself as it may seem to many other individuals, taking the study of this subject matter not just into consideration, but also appreciation. Works Cited Hobson, J. Allan. Dreaming: An introduction to the science of sleep. New York: Oxford UP, 2002. Print.

Advertisment

Whether we find advertisements on radio, television, Internet, newspapers, or roads, they have become a part of our daily life. Basically, wherever we look, we will certainly find an advertisement that Is somewhere. Advertisements are a tool to promote a certain product in various ways so it can reach potential customers or just to inform people of what product they produce. Frank (2005) illustrates that advertisements seek to convince costumers to buy products. Advertisers use it publish advertisements Just to manipulate the people without taking in consideration if it is ethical or not.So, advertisers manipulate people by the use of weasel word, and pathos. Words have the power that can Inspire and attract humans. Advertisers use words to convince customers to buy their product, but they can't advertise words that break the law in their country. So advertisers found a way that will prevent them from a facing legal action which is weasel words. Weasel words â€Å"appear to say one thing when in fact they say the opposite or nothing at all,† (Lutz, 2012, p. 248). This means that weasel words imply something, but in reality nothing has been said or eel Information has been delivered.Let's take the phrase â€Å"Up to 50% or whatever percentage off' as an example. First when we read this, we think and look only on the number 50% because it means it is half of the original price and we ignore the phrase â€Å"up to† which is the most important part. â€Å"Up to† is a misleading statement that does not mean exactly the number that comes after it, but it means that, for example, the discount can either be 30, 20 percent or no discount at all. This statement is technically correct, but it tricks and misleads people by the number that allows.Advertising can effectively manipulate people by weasel words through many ways as people Just pay attention the words that come after the weasel word. Though weasel words perhaps the most common way of manipu lating people, there is another technique used in the advertising manipulation, which is the use of pathos. Pathos is considered as one of the most powerful tool that can easily change one's emotions toward something. Armstrong (2010) explained that advertisement can achieve the satisfaction of consumers when they use the product by using emotional element In advertising.Manipulate people through emotions Is an effective way to mislead people because people can't refuse or Ignore emotions. Let's take the example of women being concerned about their appearance. Not just that, but also what they are required to do in order to be perfect. Advertisers use this weakness to promote cream products in which they show women how they are going to look after using the product. They promote the ads in many places, especially In fashion magazines, as they know that women like to read this type of magazines. As a result, omen go ahead and buy the product beveling that It will benefit them.After u sing it, they realize that they have been fooled by the advertisement. The problem here is that they know that the cream wont change anything, but the emotional appeal they face forces and convinces them to buy it. Another example is the use of celebrities to promote a certain product. Advertisers use celebrities to try and play with their emotions. When a female, especially a teenage girl, sees her lovely celebrity wearing something new or anything related to the new fashion, she Is very likely to try to liberty ‘look and are given tips on how to ‘get her look† (2012, p 92).Moreover, they did not only find a way to manipulate females, but also they are targeting males. Even though men are less emotional, but when it comes to women portraying a product in a certain way, their emotions start to emerge. â€Å"In advertising, the use of highly attractive models is believed to be effective in increasing sales† (TTS & Change, 2007, p. 1). For example, my friend w anted to buy an off-road light from eBay. When he searched, many products appeared to him and all of them were at the same price. One of the advertisements was a woman carrying the light.Once he saw this, he was attracted to the advertisement, which made him buy this particular product and not any of the rests. Hence, advertisers know exactly where they can trick people, especially by targeting their emotions. However, though advertisements are known to manipulate people, it is important to know that it has a positive side. Advertisements can be informative somehow. For instance, there are many advertisements about health, government services, and new products. Advertisements create awareness about useful events and donation aiming.For example, as people know, donating blood is very important because it can save a life. So, through advertisements, we can know when and where we can donate. Also, it keeps us updated with the latest technology. For example, when Mercedes-Benz released the new S-Class model, they informed us about the new functions are included in the new model. After all, advertisements are here Just to inform us and tell us about the products and services that are available. Also it is a consumer's decision to buy or not because it is their responsibility to distinguish teen harmful and beneficial advertisements.But in reality, some people do not want to think before buying. They rush quickly after they see the ad without even thinking for a second. In addition to that, it does not make the advertisement innocents because they are really manipulating us to buy their products. They have to recognize that it is not ethical, and the government should censor the content of advertisements, which will prevent them from using the techniques that I mentioned above and also other hidden ways they use to manipulate us. In conclusion, advertisements have a negative impact on people.

Homecoming essays

Homecoming essays Homecoming's most important part takes place a few hours outside of Manhattan at Annette's, the Grandmother of the Byrne family, elegant country home. Most of the family, Gene, Ellen, Mark, Aaron, Brenda, Cynthia, Andrew, live in Manhattan. Lewis and Daisy live in Washington. It happens during the winter. Annette Byrne is the mother of Gene and Lewis. The two brothers grew up close and worked together in an architecture firm. One evening at an opening party, for a hotel that they had constructed with their successful firm, collapsed. Many people died, and many were seriously injured. They went to trial and it was very dirty and tore the brothers apart. For the next many years the two brothers didn't' talk. Gene's daughter Ellen and Lewis' daughter Cynthia didn't talk often and they lived in the same city. Gene's daughter Ellen left her fianc, a very wealthy well-known man, for Mark. Mark worked in an art gallery, and they fell in love. Gene didn't' approve of this, but dealt with it. Gene gave her a hard time about her marriage for a long time, because Mark was Jewish. Mark's parents were Aaron and Brenda. Aaron was a doctor, and Brenda was a social worker. Gene and Aaron met once and didn't' get along at all and haven't spoke since. Ellen and Mark had a baby Lucy, and a bout four years later they had a second child Freddie. Mark and Ellen were very happy and saving up to start open an art gallery. At about the same time as Freddie's birth, Lewis' daughter, Ellen, had twins. Ellen married a man named Andrew. They were very happy together, and very successful. When the twins were about twelve months old, they were hit by an out of control taxicab while out for a walk with the nanny. Cynthia and Andrew supported each other, but then began to drift apart. One night at a party they were just beginning to become close again, and start a new, and Andrew cheated on Cynthia. S ...

Passer - Common French Expressions

Passer - Common French Expressions The French verb passer literally means to pass and is also used in many idiomatic expressions. Learn how to say whatever comes into ones head, to write something off, to kick the bucket, and more with this list of expressions with passer. Possible Meanings of passer to passto go over/under/through(liquid) to strain(movie, music) to show, put on(time) to spend Expressions with passer passer clothingto slip on/intopasser infinitiveto go do somethingpasser la douaneto go through customspasser la radio/tà ©là ©to be on the radio/TVpasser lheure dà ©tà ©to turn the clocks foward, begin daylight saving timepasser lheure dhiverto turn the clocks back, end daylight saving timepasser pas lentsto pass slowlypasser de bons momentsto have a good timepasser de bouche en boucheto be rumored aboutpasser des faux billetsto pass forged moneypasser devant Monsieur le maireto get marriedpasser du coq là ¢neto change the subject, make a non sequiturpasser en courantto run pastpasser en revue  - to list  - (figurative) to go over in ones mind, go through  - (military) to (pass in) review, to inspectpasser (en) ordinal numberto put in ___ gearpasser là ¢ge deto be too old forpasser larme gauche (familiar)to kick the bucketpasser la journà ©e/soirà ©eto spend the day/eveningpasser la main dans le dos quelquunto butter someone uppasser la tà ªte la porteto po ke ones head around the doorpasser le capto get past the worst, turn the corner, get over the hurdlepasser le cap des 40 ansto turn 40passer le poteauto cross the finish linepasser les bornesto go too farpasser les limitesto go too farpasser les menottes quelquunto handcuff someonepasser parto go through (an experience or intermediary)passer par de dures à ©preuvesto go through some rough timespasser par toutes les couleurs de larc-en-cielto blush to the roots of ones hair, to turn pale (out of fear)passer par luniversità ©to go through collegepasser pourto take for, be taken forpasser quelque chose quelquunto pass/hand something to someonepasser quelque chose aux/par profits et pertesto write something off (as a loss)passer quelque chose en fraudeto smuggle somethingpasser quelque chose sous silenceto pass something over in silencepasser quelquun tabacto beat someone uppasser quelquun par les armesto shoot someone by firing squadpasser sa colà ¨re sur quelquunto take out ones anger on someonepasser sa mauvaise humeur sur quelquunto take out ones bad mood on someonepasser sa vie faireto spend ones life doingpasser son envie deto satisfy ones craving forpasser son permis (de conduire)to take ones driving testpasser son tourto miss ones turnpasser sur (detail, mistake)to pass over, overlookpasser un caprice quelquunto humor someonepasser un bon momentto have a good timepasser un coup de fil quelquun (informal)to give someone a callpasser un examento take/sit a testpasser un livre quelquunto loan someone a bookpasser un marchà ©to make a dealpasser une visite mà ©dicaleto get/have a physicaldire tout ce qui passe par la tà ªteto say whatever comes into ones headfaire passer quelque chose aux/par profits et pertesto write something off (as a loss)faire passer quelquun pourto make someone out to belaisser passerto let in/through/pastpour faire passerto wash down, to help (food) downpour passer le tempsto pass the timeen passantin passing, on ones wayso it dit en passantby the way, incidentally Un ange passe.Theres an awkward silence.Ça fait du bien par oà ¹ à §a passe  ! (informal)Thats just what the doctor ordered!Ça fait passer le tempsIt passes the timeCe nest quun mauvais moment passerIts just a rough patch, bad spellComme le temps passe vite  !Time flies!et jen passe !and thats not all!Une idà ©e mest passà © par la tà ªteI had an ideaJe ne fais que passerI cant stay, Im just passing throughJe vous passe name (on the phone)Im putting you through to ___, Heres ___Nous sommes tous passà ©s par lWeve all been through thatOn lui passe toutHe gets away with anything, He gets whatever he wantsPar oà ¹ es-tu passà ©Ã‚  ?Which way did you come?Passez-moi lexpression (If youll) pardon the expressionPassez-moi du feuGive me a lightPassonsLets move on, Lets not talk about that (any more)Quest-ce quil lui a passà © (comme savon)  ! (informal)He really laid into him, gave him a rough time!Tu (le) fais passerYou pass it aroundse passer  - to take place  - (time) to pass, go by  - to give, pass to each otherse passer deto do withoutse passer de commentairesto speak for itselfse passer la main dans le dosto pat one another on the backse faire passer pourto pretend to be, pass oneself off asÇa ne se passera pas comme à §a  ! I wont stand for that!Je me passe de tes conseils  !I can do without your advice!Je ne sais pas ce qui se passe en luiI dont dont whats got into him, come over himQuest-ce qui sest passà ©Ã‚  ?What happened?Tout sest bien passà ©Everything went smoothly, without a hitchPasser conjugations

Sociology of war 3153 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sociology of war 3153 - Essay Example When that much time is taken in the building up of hatred, the matter of winning and losing can become the matter of life and death. Kashmir has been always the premium issue between Pakistan and India. One of the main reasons that Pakistan wants a substantial area of Kashmir is that it is one of the most vital resources of water for it. There is a huge number of Muslims in Kashmir who want to be a part of Pakistan. That is why there is an uprising of Kashmiris against the Indian army for freedom and they are oppressed by them by the use of violence. The opposition seemed to have died down in the past 10 years but now again; the protest is as stronger as ever. The world has neglected this issue so far but it must not be neglected further. Pakistan and India are nuclear powers now and an outbreak of war between them could be the beginning of a Third World War. There are many consequences that the aggravation of this conflict would entail. The involvement of China is sure as they have a claim on an area of Kashmir called Ladakh. They have been at war with India in the past on this issue3. The continuing investment of China in Pakistan is worrying India as they claim that it is â€Å"part of China’s growing encirclement of India†4. They are closing in on the completion of a naval base in Gawadar which would improve their trade and be very useful for war motives. On the other hand, the U.S is automatically drawn in the issue as they want Pakistan to employ their army on war on terror5 rather than on the Indian border. There is also confusion for Pakistan as when they see the strengthening friendship of U.S with India, it’s not clear whether U.S is their friend or an enemy. U.S wants a stable Pakistan for a stable Afghanistan but it is not likely to happen. They have sufficient influence over both Pakistan and India to do many

Successfulness of the canadian environmental protection act Essay

Successfulness of the canadian environmental protection act - Essay Example On October 23, 1987, the bill passed second reading. After third reading and extensive amendments by House of Commons Legislative Committee, the bill passed as an Act that respects the protection of the environment and human life and health. Introducing the Act was a legislative initiative aimed at invigorating the insipid federal Environmental Assessment and Review Process (EARP).Proposed as a bill by the then Minister of Environment, Tom McMillan, CEPA perceived as federal government of Canada’s effort to firmly establish that it is federal government’s obligation to integrate environmental safety aspects in all of its projects planning and implementation. Therefore, federal government ensured that no policy, program, project, or legislation should proceed without adequate analysis of its potential environmental consequences (UNEP, 1999, p.48). Considering the scope and complexity of changed made after review in 1990s, reviewers decided to repeat the practice in seven years. The objectives for assessment were to review the implementation process, and the extent to which it is proved effective in achieving its prime objective-protecting human health and environment. First Reading Version of 1999 mandated for review in seven years, the final version mandated a reduced time period of five years (Standing Senate Committee on Energy, 2008, p.1). In order to determine CEPA’s success, Environment Canada and health Canada considered four years of implementing CEPA and attributed it as an essential part of the complex regime of inter-related laws, policies, and institutions which guarantee adequate and comprehensive management of threats to human health, life, and environment. This complex regime incorporates federal, provincial, territorial, Aboriginal and local governments, judiciary, industry, and civil society in addition to other national or international organizations (Environment Canada and Health Canada, 2004, p.4). Despite the short time of its implementation and continuous review, in a 2005 web based public response primarily echoed the need of better implementation and enforcement of CEPA, 1999.Several practitioners across Canada and different sectors had a general perception that CEPA, 1999 is primarily a sound piece of legislation which does not require any substantial amendment in its content in order to ensure effective and continuous protection of human health, life, and environment. However, many believed that, generally there is more to be done when it comes to effectively implementing the law in order to ensure that the legislation is tapped to its full potential by taking actions swiftly and reducing risks involved (Versteeg as cited in Standing Senate Committee on Energy, 2008, p.3) According to Standing Senate Committee on Energy(2008,p.3) it is argued that the lacking will to implement and enforce the CEPA, and lacking resources for implementation and enforcement are the major areas of concern that und ermine the effectiveness of CEPA environmental protection regime. It is also argued that resources and time for legislative review of CEPA should not be taken from those allocated for implementation

Statistics Project Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Statistics Project Example Therefore, financial status and depression are critical factors in determining well-being of individual hence appropriate measures to the report. The frequency histogram shows an almost normally distributed curve. However, the explicit results show a negatively skewed distribution. The frequency for males is more than that of the female gender. This shows that more males suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder as compared to male. The number of people that experience from post-traumatic disorder-from the sample-are 230. Out of the 230, 130 are males while 100 are females as per the histogram. The distribution of subjective class identification closely matches the normal curve. This shows that 68% of the observations fall within one standard deviation of the mean 2.39. On the other hand, 99.7% of the observations fall within 3 standard deviation of the mean. The normal Q-Q plots also confirms the normal distribution of the subjective class identification. The confidence interval for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is 12.35 and 14.73 for lower bound and upper bound respectively. This means that we are 95% confident that the true mean of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is between 12.35 and 14.74. The corresponding ÃŽ ±=0.05. When testing for normality, the normality table and the normal Q-Q plots become important as the numerical and graphical methods respectively. The normality table represents the result for Shapiro-Wilk Test and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test. In this case, we will use Shapiro-Wilk Test because the data is less than 2000. The sig. value (0.000) of the Shapiro-Wilk Test is less than 0.05 hence the data is not normally distributed. The data significantly deviate from a normal distribution. We have also used the Q-Q plot to determine normality graphically. The data points stray from the line in a non-linear fashion hence the data is not normally distributed. To correct the distribution of age of the respondents, I have

In Good Company Analysis

In Good Company Analysis AOTEAROA TERTIARY INSTITUTE NZIM DIPLOMA IN MANAGAMENT LEVEL 5 LEADERSHIP 630 ASSESSED TUTORIAL : FILM STUDY IN GOOD COMPANY Identify two leaders in the movie? Dan Foreman and Carter Duryea Dan Foreman a) Leadership Style Dan Foreman had charismatic leadership style. According to (Daft, 2008) charismatic leaders are those who have the ability to encourage and motivate other people to do more than there would normally do. Person with charismatic leadership styles has a great concern in scanning and reading their surrounding and are able to pick up the mood and concern of individual and big audience. According to the movie The Good Company Dan took the responsibility to inform the workers when there were fired from their job because he was really concerned about their feeling and he knew he would be able to comfort them since he was the old staff and the staff was hired by him. He also had responsibility towards his family. b) Effectiveness of a leader Dan was considered as a effective leader. He was loyal to his employee and motivate them. Workers respected and trusts him he was outspoken person and stand for his employees. He had a great responsibility towards his family. He love his wife and children lot. He was so effective as a father when he saw Alex and Carter working together at his birthday party he was really concerned about that but didnt say anything. Instead he follow Carter next day to see where he goes and then he saw Carter and Alex having coffee together he got really angry that he punched Carter. He was really concerned about his daughter since she was still in college. c) Type of Power Dan held referent power which comes from leaders personality characteristics and where people respect and admire his ability. Carter who was the new boss for the company respected him lot he also had charisma power which mean it have positive influence on workers. Also has ability to create the chance for interpersonal pressure. d) How the power was used Dan used his power in a good way since he was very effective and when he speaks people would listen to him. People respect him due to his power and leadership style. He tries hard to save his job and company. Also he used his power in good way towards his family. Carter Duryea a) Leadership Style Carter Duryea had transactional leadership style. According to (Daft, 2008) transactional leadership is a exchange process between leaders and followers. Followers needs and desires are recognise and then clarifies is made on how to satisfy it. According to the movie Carter was appointed as the head of marketing for the Sports America magazine so that he can increase the sales for his company. Transactional leader are also considered as task oriented. He didnt have much experience as the head position since he was still young and was in the stage of learning. b) Effectiveness of a Leader Carter was not effective leader since he didnt have experience in the work which he was located since he had experience in his field of work also he was outspoken and was very convincing. He was also facing lot of personal problem since he was so focussed in his professional life and as not able to give time to his wife. He just had a divorce after 7 moth of married. c) Type of Power Carter held legitimate power which means it is a authority that is granted from a well known position in the company. In the movie Carter had a position in the company he was the head of marketing. He held this power because he was very good in decision making, active, intelligent in his work and convinces people. d) How he used his power Carter also used his power in good and effective way. He power was used to motive people and identify common goal of the company. He also misuse his power to cost cut the expense for the company. He started firing the staff. Carter discuss this with Dan and he was really upset and that you cant fire then because those staff are from my time I have hire them. Dan also mention that Iam paid more wages why not fire me instead. And Carter used his power in good way saying that I can fire you but think about responsibility you have. 2) Situation from movie identified that illustrates analysis for each leader. Leadership theories referred to support discussions above. Situation that was chosen from the movie for both leaders were when Dan asked question to Teddy K when he was talking about put one section about computers in sports magazine suddenly Dan interpreted and asked Teddy K what he is trying to say which shows how effective he was while asking question and shows that he was listening to it. Leadership theories that Dan held was influence theories which refers to leadership influence based not on position or formal authority but on the qualities and charismatic personality of the leader( Daft, 2008). Dan didnt held any formal position in the company but people respect him due to his qualities. Another situation was when Carter was discussing about sacking some workers from sales department. As he was a transactional leader he had to follow his companies rules and procedures. He had behaviour theories refers to what a leader actually do on the job and which relates to the content of managerial activities role and responsibilities. Since he was a head of department he had responsibility towards his job. Dan tried to save his old workers and suggested to Carter that his salary is more than workers why not sack him instead of others. But Carter cant do much he had to listen to his boss and follow his orders. 3) Type of organisation, level of seniority and its effects on leaders behaviour? The movie Good Company is about a sports America magazine which is owned by Globecom, it is recognize as a national sports magazine where Dan had worked for 20 years as head of advertising sales department. But due to some problem company is bought by multimedia company and Carter is assign as a new boss. He had one of the most senior position in the company responsible for companies sales and managing staff. Also had power to rewards and punish anyone in the company. In the movie both the leaders are struggling to maintain their position and to get along with each other. Carter is half the age of Dan and he is still young learning the work. He thinks that he could to better for the work therefore he chose to replace Dan who is 51 years old and is a executive in his company. He feels uncomfortable to work with Carter. Carter had highest level of seniority based due to his position in the company and becomes the boss of Dan and all workers has to his instructions and listen to his ord ers (Uk essay,2014). This was due to legitimate power which Carter held. Dan didnt have any legitimate authority after the company was taken over he just had a position on wingman in the company but still he had respect from his colleagues. He was given this position since he had lots of experience in his work. 4) Leadership theories referred to support discussions above. Leadership theory that was illustrate to large extend in this movie was contingency theory. The idea behind this theories is that leaders can analyse their situation and tailor their behaviour to improve leadership effectiveness (Daft, 2008). Leader effectiveness in group is depend on two factors is change in situation and relation motivation or leader task. Leader who have high marks on scale are those people oriented than those who get less mark on scale is task oriented. According to the movie Dan had high mark in least preferred co workers because he was concern about his employees. Even he was ready to leave his job to save his co workers job. Carter had less mark on scale since he was only concern about his task. He hold a position in the company therefore he had to follows orders given by his boss and also be on management side. He doesnt think about workers and fired some employees from the company. 5) Individual culture and its effect. Culture played a very important role in Dan and Carter life. Dan is 51 year old with a very lovely family. He was happily married with two daughters he believed in honesty trustworthiness, charisma, reliability and has respect for everyone. Whereas Carter is 26 year old man newly married and is dumped by his wife just in 7 months of relationship as he had a promotion. Later he is having affair with Dans daughter. He had authority to reward and punish anyone in the company. He is always on management side and workers according to company policies and procedures. This happens in really life in many companies the management level workers are always on company side. Both leaders way of thinking was different Dan was more thinking about building and maintaining relationship. He had a good relationship with his co workers despite some workers been fired from work their still came to attend his birthday party. Dan also had better relationship with his daughter when he saw pregnancy kit in t he dustbin he was so worried and thought that it is Alex. He goes and talk with Alex and tell her that if you have any problem always come and discuss with me. Whereas Carter way of thinking was a corporate world he was thinking about bottom dollar. He didnt think about his personal life he just work hard to get promotion but as soon as he get this his wife leaves him. At the work he was just sacking the staff to reduce the cost and make profit. He was so money minded. 6) Other leadership concepts and ideologies that was identify in the movie ? i) Other leadership concepts and ideologies that was identify in the movie were building and maintaining relationship both personal and professional. Dan was able to balance his relationship both personal and professional he takes out time for his wife and kids often go out and play tennis. Dan keeps his professional life at work and does not discuss anything at home during family time. Whereas Carter was not able to keep his personal and professional life balance. Due to his professional he was not able to give time to his wife which lead to separation after 7 month of relationship. ii) Responsibility was the other concepts Dan had a great responsibility towards his family. He was the only breadwinner in the family he had to look after his wife, two teenage daughter who were in college. His older daughter Alex moved out to live on her own and Dan had to take second mortgage to meet all his expenses. On top of his wife was pregnant with their third child. He also had responsibility towards his work he tried hard to save his job and magazine towards the end of the movie he goes out and do door to door sale. Dan was so concerned towards his daughter when he saw Alex and Carter together he was so angry that he punched Carter he was so protective. iii) Set Example is the other leadership concept that was identified in the movie. Dan set good example to Carter. In the end when Carter was out of job Dan offered him a position in the company. Carter was happy and he said that I will be grateful to get the job and since I have learn so many things from you but he was not sure what he want to do. Dan set good example to Carter in regards to professional life. iv) Respectful is other concept that was identified in the movie. Dan had worked for 20 years in the company and he had lot of respect from all his co workers. Dan had demotion from his position and Carter become the new boss but still all the workers listen to Dan. He was a senior staff and Carter also respected him and was eager to learn more from him. Carter also respected Dans family when the first time he went to visited them he said this the type of family and home Iam looking for. Also other concept can be believing in what you are doing Dan had believe that he can save his job and magazine. He goes out with Carter for door to door sale to save the magazine since he was give 24 hours time. He believe that he can do it and he was able to do it. From this concept we come to know that if you believe in something and works towards it you will be successful in your life. References Daft R L Pirola-Merlo (2008). The leadership experience: Asia Pacific edition 1. Melbourne: Cengage Learning. UK essay (2014) The Whale Rider Movie Theology Religion Essay http://www.ukessays.com/essays/theology/the-whale-rider-movie-theology-religion-essay.php UK Essay (2014) The Lord of The Ring Theology Religion Essay http://www.ukessays.com/essays/theology/lord-of-the-rings-theology-religion-essay.php

Interpreting commercials in todays media :: essays research papers

A good commercial is like a master chef’s recipe. Add the right ingredients and everyone will love it. By definition a commercial is, â€Å"an advertisement broadcast on radio or television.†(Merriam-Webster) I’ll pretend that I never heard that definition because to me a commercial is simply money. If effective, then the product sells. When a product sells; a company makes more money. It’s that simple. In today’s society, everything revolves around money. This is why it’s vital to put effective ads out in the media for consumers to view daily. If your ad doesn’t have the right ingredients, then send it to Emeril Lagasse so he can, â€Å"BAM, Kick it up a notch!† by adding some of the â€Å"six C’s†. For the seventh consecutive year, Anheuser-Busch’s advertising and marketing department has put out the number one rated commercial during the Superbowl. Directed toward light beer drinkers, this year’s ad specifically promotes Budlight. Set up in an airplane, anxious skydivers await for the ok to jump. The ad is connected towards younger men because younger men are doing the jump. The first man jumps without any trouble and the instructor tells the next man it’s his turn. It’s apparent that he’s very nervous because he refuses to jump. Trying to coax him even more, the instructor says, â€Å"Not even for some Budlight†, holding up a six-pack. He then throws the 6 beers out into the open sky, hoping the skydiver will follow in pursuit of the cold beer. Instead, the pilot of the plane leaves his controls, runs to the open door, and jumps without a parachute to retrieve the Budlight. The target line says, â€Å"Fresh, Smooth, Real. Budlight. It’s All Here.† The captioned tagline used here is fine. It is short and sweet, but still clear. As a whole, this advertisement works. Its clear and doesn’t beat around the bush or confuse its audience. Everyone who sees this add knows what the product is. The ad targets the credibility of the drink. Anheuser-Busch is saying hey, if a pilot will jump out of a plane for this beer, it must be pretty damn good stuff. The directed audience is younger men, like many other beers ads. This specific commercial does not contrast other beer products. They have other commercial out to combat their biggest competition, Miller Light Beer. This commercial’s main goal is to connect with its viewers, rather then to put down the competition.

Wrongful Termination

Wrongful Termination Kenneth L. Mowery BUS670: Legal Environment Prof. Alexis Hooley August 20, 2012 Wrongful Termination â€Å"Over the past 20 to 25 years courts have been carving out common law exceptions to employment at will† (Mallor, Barnes, Bowers, & Langvardt, 2010, p. 1338). One of those exceptions is that of wrongful termination or unjust dismissal. In the past three years there have been five wrongful termination suits brought against Haywood Regional Medical Center.Three cases ended positively for the plaintiffs, while the other two showed that the Medical Center had the stronger case and that the Medical Center had just cause to terminate the employee. . â€Å"The remedies in successful wrongful discharge suits depend heavily on whether the plaintiff’s claim sounds in contract or in tort, with tort remedies being more advantageous for plaintiffs† (Mallor et al. , 2010, p. 1338). If the plaintiff can prove his or her case against the employer for wron gful discharge or termination, the employee can recover damages from the employer.The burden of proof lies with the plaintiff to prove wrongful termination and remedies can be costly for the employer. The employer can avoid the liability of a wrongful termination suit by keeping up with the policies and procedures and performance evaluations of its employees. Employment at Will Let us look at different exceptions to the common-law doctrine of employment-at-will. â€Å"The rule says that either party can terminate an employment contract of indefinite duration. The termination can occur at any time; and can be for good cause or no cause† (Mallor et al. , 2010, p. 1338).However, according to Hames and his evaluation of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, the National Labor Relations Act, and the Occupational Safety and Health Act, there must be no formal employment contract for a specified period of time and there can be no statutory prohibitions to the contrary (1991, p. 122). Hospitals hire many individuals with different backgrounds, skills, and values, so it is difficult to, as Hames states, â€Å"devise personnel policies and practices that are perceived as fair and just by the majority of their employees† (1991, p. 22). With this in mind, the cause for termination may also be a morally wrong cause. What may seem right to the employer may be wrong, morally, for the employees. Because hospitals hire such a diverse population of employees, many are â€Å"at risk† for wrongful termination suits against them. In his research, Hames noted that in many cases there has been the implication that the courts have eroded the Employment-at-will doctrine, which leave employers with little discretion regarding who they can fire and under what circumstances (1991, p. 122).This can leave employee at many hospitals little protection against wrongful termination. Exceptions to the Employment-at-will doctrine we re mentioned earlier; we will first examine the Public Policy Exception. Public Policy Exception â€Å"The public policy exception to the doctrine of employment-at-will asserts that employees may not be terminated for refusing to perform an act that is contrary to a clearly mandated public policy nor for performing an act that is consistent with such a public policy† (Hames, 1991, p. 123). Employers may not terminate the employment of an employee for morally wrong causes.This can be seen in Wagenseller v. Scottsdale Memorial Hospital (1985), where Wagenseller was fired from her job at the hospital for not engaging in morally wrong activities; mooning an audience and bathing in public being two of them (Hames, 1991, p. 123). If the employee is discharged or fired from their job for not performing morally wrong activities, the employee will be able to win a wrongful termination suit against the employer. In her case against Scottsdale Memorial Hospital, â€Å"the court conclud ed that firing someone for refusing to expose her buttocks violates public policy in Arizona† (Hames, 1991, p. 23). A doctor at Miramichi Regional Hospital won his wrongful termination suit against the hospital because the board did not explain their reasons for dismissing him (Barry, 2005). Dr. Shaikh’s attorney argued â€Å"that in the interest of fairness, Shaikh should have been given notice of his termination and a meeting to defend himself; instead of six months notice, the hospital was ordered to pay Shaikh six months’ salary† (Barry, 2005). This may not fall under public policy; however, it does fall under morality.It was morally wrong for the hospital to dismiss the services of the doctor with no reason being given. It was also morally wrong for the hospital to dismiss the doctor without giving him the right to defend himself. Implied Contract Exception â€Å"The implied contract exception to the at-will rule asserts that employers’ statem ents or actions regarding job security or termination procedures may constitute legally enforceable obligations if they are communicated to applicants/employees and if they are sufficiently specific to permit the courts to discern their intentions† (Hames, 1991, p. 25). An example given by Hames is that of Leikvold v. Valley View Community Hospital (1984). Leikvold was the director of nursing and asked to be reassigned to an available operating room supervisor position. Her job performance was exceptional if not satisfactory; however the CEO of the hospital fired her on the grounds that it was inappropriate to seek demotions (Hames, 1991, p. 125). Patient safety issues are implied at every hospital that I have worked for, and it would seem that this is implied at all hospitals.A nurse filed a wrongful termination suit against the Youville HealthCare Center alleging that he was released because of pointing out â€Å"serious patient safety issues. † (Pham, 1997). Barry Ad ams, the RN, stated that he had noted many medication errors, patients left in unclean situations, and patient that had fall precautions that were being left alone, many of these falling. â€Å"Adams said in his lawsuit that Youville administrators fired him in October after he wrote several memos to hospital officials documenting unsafe patient conditions and requesting help† (Pham, 1997).It was Adams’ implied contract of patient safety that won his wrongful termination lawsuit against the Youville HealthCare Center. One of the cases against Haywood Regional Medical Center, mentioned in the outset, was when a nurse was fired for refusing to administer a medication, which the doctor ordered, to a patient. The nurse stated that the medication consisted of an ingredient that the patient was allergic to, and this was noted in the patient’s chart. The nurse was dismissed due to insubordination; however, she won the wrongful termination lawsuit against the hospital b ecause she was doing the ob that she was hired to do; taking care of her patient. Taking safe care of patients is an implied contract by this hospital. All employees are to safely care for their patients even if it means going against a higher authority’s order. Good Faith and Fair Dealing Exception â€Å"The good faith and fair dealing exception to the at-will rule generally provides that employers may not terminate their employees in bad faith or for bad cause if doing so deprives them of the benefits of their agreement† (Hames, 1991, p. 128).For example, Hames explains, â€Å"A Bozeman Deaconess Hospital employee was fired during her probationary period for insubordination, disrupting patient care, disorderly conduct, unsatisfactory performance, violating safety and health rules, and breaching confidentiality, each of which were disputed† (Hames, 1991, p. 128). The employee sued the hospital on the grounds that her release breached the implied covenant of goo d faith and fair dealing. The administrator had told her that he would investigate the situations that had caused her termination, but he had only interviewed two individuals that had apparently seen the incidents.This employee â€Å"was allowed to join various benefit plans for which only permanent employees were eligible, her employment was not evaluated at the end of 500 hours as required by hospital policy, and there was no reference to her probationary status included in any of the hospital’s correspondence regarding her discharge† (Hames, 1991, p. 129). She had good faith that she would be an employee at the hospital for the length of her contract. She was not dealt with in a fair manner when it came to investigating the situations that resulted in her discharge from the hospital.Hospitals must be cautious of releasing their employees without rhyme or reason. Investigations should be thoroughly done in order to avoid wrongful termination suits. Investigative Proc edures In order to prevent a wrongful termination suit, an employer must investigate the situation thoroughly. Another case from Haywood Regional Hospital that ended in a wrongful termination suit was when the Director of Nursing had a nurse fired due to inadequate care given to a patient that had undergone respiratory distress during the night and later that morning was being transferred to another facility to deal with her problems.The Director of Nursing based her decision to fire the nurse based on what the CNA and another nurse had said. The CNA was caring for the said patient and the nurse that was fired was over the CNA. The CNA stated that she had mentioned to the nurse that her patient was having trouble breathing, but the nurse stated that the patient always does that to get attention. Another nurse corroborated the CNA’s statement. Upon further investigation, it was found that the CNA and the other nurse had lied to the nurse that was fired and had lied about the s ituation to the Director of Nursing.The nurse that was fired won her wrongful termination suit. Janet Michael, of Nursing Management Personnel at Mountain View Healthcare states that â€Å"when doing an investigation, one must not rely on just one or two individual’s statements; a complete investigation when firing an individual would entail an interview with all that were present on the day of the said accusation† (2004, p. 20). This is a very important step when wanting to avoid a wrongful termination suit.Michael also states that â€Å"before deciding to terminate a nurse, you must perform a complete investigation of the situation; talk to all potential witnesses and appropriately gather the necessary evidence to support your termination decision† (2004, p. 20). The Director of Nursing at Haywood Regional failed to do this and terminated the employment of a great worker and cost the hospital money on the suit that followed. Janet Michael also states that risk management, the facility’s attorney, human resources, and any person with the expertise dealing with the situation should be consulted (2004, p. 0). Policies and procedures should be reviewed as well as the state and federal laws that might affect the circumstances. Costs of Wrongful Termination â€Å"Second only to shareholder suits, wrongful termination lawsuits account for 13% of all lawsuits; further, there are strong indications that the penchant for disgruntled former employees litigating the discharge decision is on the rise, including a recent study revealing that such employees in 1997 filed more than 24,000 wrongful termination lawsuits in federal court, up 77% from 1993† (Gardner, Gomes, & Morgan, 2000, p. 8) It is going to cost an employer a great deal of funds if said employer loses a wrongful termination suit. â€Å"Successful plaintiffs are securing ever-increasing awards from judges and juries . . . the median jury award for a wrongful discharged empl oyee rose from $120,736 in 1992 to $205,794 in 1996; a 70% increase in only four years† (Gardner et al. , 2000, p. 39). Imagine what the increase would be now in 2012. Remedies to avoid wrongful termination suits can be as simple as having a written and up-to-date policies and procedure manual on hand.If this is available, directors, managers, and supervisors will have the tools necessary to avoid a wrongful termination liability. Gardner mentions that aggressive performance management is a must; in doing so, companies provide a vehicle to: (1) inform employees of management’s expectations, (2) identify problem areas, and (3) provide opportunities for improvement (2000, p. 40). Avoiding Liability for Wrongful Termination In my experience, employers have seemed to always have the upper hand when it came to the termination of an employee.I have seen people fired for good reasons, bad reasons, and for no reason, and nothing ever came of the situation. Now days, an employer must â€Å"be on their toes† in order to avoid the liability for wrongful termination. As was stated earlier, the Employment-at-Will doctrine has been eroding over a period of time. â€Å"Over time, however, court and legislators began recognizing the inequality of bargaining power between employer and employee and that the inability of employees to protect themselves from unjust actions by their employers had not just economic ramifications, but also emotional and social ramifications† (Ballam, 2000, p. 57). Tomlinson and Bockanic state that an employer’s â€Å"first line of defense is to communicate at-will employment status periodically throughout the employee’s tenure, noting such critical disclaimers in the employment application, the offer letter, and the employee handbook† (2009, p. 82). The employer must be sure to communicate, at least yearly, the at-will status of the employee. Employers must not send the message to their employees that as long as they do good work, they will be employees with the company forever.Situations may arise in which the employer must cut back on a number of employees in order to make the budget or to break even. There is always a possibility of one losing their job, whether it is for a good reason, a bad reason, or for no reason. If these items are communicated with the employee on a regular basis, the employer may be able to avoid the liability of a wrongful termination suit against them. Disciplinary policies should also be included in the communication to employees.One of the lawsuits filed against Haywood Regional Medical Center dealt with the employee stating that he had no idea of the disciplinary policies of the hospital, however after further investigation, it was noted that he had in fact received these policies on the date of hire, as well as each year of the two years that he was employed with the hospital. Fortunately for the hospital, this wrongful termination suit was not wo n by the plaintiff.Tomlinson and Bockanic also note that â€Å"performance appraisals should be conducted on a regular basis, with careful and accurate evaluations based on the essential requirements of the position as specified in the job description† (Tomlinson & Bockanic, 2009, p. 83). If an employer keeps up with the performance evaluations of their employees then if the time comes to terminate the employee, the employer will have the employee’s evaluations there for back-up as well as something to fall back on, especially if the employee’s performance had been declining throughout the years.A proper performance evaluation will let the employer know which employees are improving and which ones are declining in the duties that they are supposed to perform. Wrongful termination suits can be seen to plague employers from all over the globe. Many employers terminate their employees for good reasons, for bad reasons, and for no reason at all. Employers also may t end to fire their employees under immoral pretenses. However, what is right for one individual may not be right for another. When filing a wrongful termination suit, it is up to the plaintiff.If the plaintiff can prove his or her case against the employer for wrongful discharge or termination, the employee can recover damages from the employer. The burden of proof lies with the plaintiff to prove wrongful termination and remedies can be costly for the employer. The employer can avoid the liability of a wrongful termination suit by keeping up with the policies and procedures and performance evaluations of its employees. References: Ballam, D. A. (2000) Employment-at-will: The impending death of a doctrine.American Business Law Journal, 37(4), 653-687. Retrieved from: http://search. proquest. com/docview/203397796? accountid=32521 Barry, A. (2005, Dec. 10). Miramichi doctor wins wrongful dismissal lawsuit; judge says hospital board didn’t explain reasons for dismissing physicia n. The Times – Transcript. pp. A. 8. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/422926221? accountid=32521 Gardner, S. , Gomes, G. M. , & Morgan, J. F. (2000). Wrongful termination and the expanding public policy exception: Implications and advice.S. A. M. Advanced Management Journal, 65(1), 38-44. Retrieved from: http://search. proquest. com/docview/231235990/? accountid=32521 Hames, D. S. (1991). Liability for wrongful terminations: Are hospitals at risk? Hospital & Health Services Administration, 36(1), 121. Retrieved from: http://search. proquest. com/docview/206719067? accountid=32521 Mallor, J. P. , Barnes, A. J. , Bowers, T. , & Langvardt, A. W. (2010) Business Law: The Ethical, Global, and E-Commerce Environment. 14th edition). Boston. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. References Cont. : Michael, J. E. (2004). Investigate thoroughly to avoid wrongful termination suits. Nursing Management, 35(5), 20-20, 22, 53. Retrieved from: http://search. proquest. com/docview/23 1333715? accountid=32521 Pham, A. (1997, Mar. 19). State faults youville in overdose death of patient news of probe comes as ex-nurse who alleged serious patient safety issues files wrongful termination suit against hospital.Boston Globe, pp. F. 1-F, 1:4. Retrieved from: http://search. proquest. com/docview/403833649? accountid=32521 Tomlinson, E. C. , & Bockanic, W. N. (2009). Avoiding liability for wrongful termination: â€Å"ready, aim, . . . fire! †. Employee Responsibility and Rights Journal, 21(2), 77-87. doi: 10. 1007/s10672-008-9068-0. Retrieved from: http://search. proquest. com/docview/219426148/fulltextPDF/6? accountid=32521